In congestive heart failure (CHF), certain drugs are contraindicated because they can exacerbate the condition by causing fluid retention, negative inotropic effects (reducing the force of heart contractions), or increasing afterload (the resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood). Here is a list of drugs that are generally contraindicated in CHF:
- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs):
- Examples: Ibuprofen, Naproxen
- Reason: These can cause sodium and water retention, worsen kidney function, and increase blood pressure, all of which can exacerbate heart failure.
- Certain Calcium Channel Blockers:
- Examples: Verapamil, Diltiazem
- Reason: These can have negative inotropic effects, which can reduce the strength of heart contractions and worsen heart failure. However, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers like amlodipine can be used cautiously.
- Thiazolidinediones (TZDs):
- Examples: Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone
- Reason: These antidiabetic medications can cause fluid retention, which can worsen CHF.
- Antiarrhythmic Drugs:
- Examples: Flecainide, Propafenone
- Reason: Some antiarrhythmic drugs can have negative inotropic effects or proarrhythmic effects, making CHF worse.
- Certain Anesthetic Agents:
- Examples: Propofol
- Reason: Some anesthetics can depress myocardial function or cause vasodilation, which may be problematic in CHF patients.
- Some Chemotherapy Agents:
- Examples: Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide
- Reason: These can cause direct cardiotoxicity, leading to worsening heart failure.
- Corticosteroids:
- Examples: Prednisone, Dexamethasone
- Reason: These can cause fluid retention and increase blood pressure.
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs):
- Examples: Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline
- Reason: These can have negative inotropic effects and cause orthostatic hypotension, which can exacerbate CHF.
- Metformin (in acute heart failure):
- Reason: While metformin is generally beneficial for patients with diabetes and CHF, it should be avoided in acute or unstable heart failure due to the risk of lactic acidosis.
Patients with CHF should always consult their healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication. The healthcare provider can consider the specific circumstances, such as the severity of heart failure and the presence of comorbid conditions, when deciding on the appropriate medications.
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